Two layers of clouds obscuring the Panamint Range. Vertical relief = 5,000′.

Borax was mined by Chinese laborers (slaves), concentrated on site, and hauled 150 miles by 20-mule team.

Each cart had a narrow platform for a man to stand and apply the asbestos-lined wooden brakes.

Water tank for the four-man (estimate) crew and 20 mules.

Ore was purified and concentrated on-site.